When
Geoffrey Canada spoke on our Utica Campus earlier this month, I expected to hear about
the success of the Harlem Children's Zone. He eventually got there, but Canada spent
the first fifteen minutes talking about the impact that the mass incarceration
of inner-city poor populations has had on families and children. I had planned
this week to write about our local economy and the gap between students wanting
jobs and employers decrying the dearth of trained workers to fill the open
positions they have currently. But, simply, Canada's comments, along with
information recently gleaned from several other sources on the subject of
today's U.S. prison population shocked, saddened, and motivated me to place my
focus here this week.
I
first heard about the "mass incarceration of America" on National
Public Radio last spring as Michelle Alexander talked about her book, "The New Jim Crow." A short time
later, I read columnist Leonard Pitts' call for people to read Alexander's book
and subsequently help create a national movement to make positive changes to
our criminal justice system.
I
checked Alexander's book out of the MVCC Library and was blown away by the
facts published therein. Ms. Alexander has a number of speeches available on
YouTube that provide insight and texture to the topic. (Here is a 12 minute piece.)
Since
Canada's appearance at MVCC, I've seen several television interviews regarding
newly released documentaries – some intense and moving, others ironic and
shocking.
“The
House I Live In” is a film that just opened and provides insight to the mass
incarceration of young black males in this country, with the additional
perspectives of law enforcement. The war on drugs has had an all-encompassing
effect on prisoners as well as a broad range of emotional and other effects on
the law enforcement professionals who have the challenging job of enforcing our
drug laws. (Here is the powerful two-minute trailer.)
Additionally,
D.L. Hughley has a short film on Comedy Central, titled the “Endangered List,”
wherein the comedian proposes the not-so-tongue-in-cheek notion that black
people would have more rights if they were on the endangered list. The film
explores the impact the war on drugs has had on blacks in America. After
speaking with private, for-profit prison owners, Hughley learns that they are
able to select their prisoners based on age and health (longer sentences are
more profitable!). He puts a fine point on the issue by talking L.A. gang
members into buying stock in some of those particular prisons. Hughley notes
that not only might some of those gang members wind up being prisoners one day,
they may also be shareholders in the very prisons likely to hold them.
Irony
and marginal humor aside, the facts remain – the United States truly is the
largest jailor in the world.
- The United States incarcerates its citizens at a rate seven times greater than any other developed nation in the world. We jail a higher percentage of our citizens than any other country, including China, North Korea and that of South Africa during Apartheid.
- The U.S. has 5% of the world’s population and 25% of the world’s prisoners.
- More African-American adults are under correctional control in the criminal justice system than were enslaved in 1850.
- Black children have less chance today of being raised by both parents than they did during slavery.
- The drug war was declared when drug use was actually declining.
- Crack cocaine use has been sentenced at a severity of 100 to 1 compared to powder cocaine – Congress recently addressed this incredible imbalance … now that ratio is only 18 to 1. Unbelievable.
- Federal drug laws prohibit convicted felons post-release (including simple drug possession) from receiving financial aid for education, food stamps, welfare and publicly funded housing. These prohibitions do not apply to violent bank robbers, white-collar criminals (think Wall Street and high finance) and, in some cases, even murderers do not face such harsh post-release sanctions.
- The U.S. prison population has risen from 300,000 in 1980 to more than 2 million today.
- By the year 2000 more people were returning to prison on drug convictions than ALL people going to prison in 1980.
- In some urban areas, more than 50% of working age African-American men have criminal records.
The quote at the end of the movie trailer above says mass incarceration in this country is a “holocaust in slow motion.” I am reminded of the great novel “Stones from the River” by Ursela Hegi that tells the tale of the Holocaust in similar form. That human tragedy gained traction over so many years that, by the time people recognized it, the scourge had progressed far beyond the collective imagination. I only hope it’s not too late for us and can only imagine how our worker shortage might be different if even half of those prisoners could find a path through college and to careers rather than "riding" the tractor beam of our current system of criminal justice.
If you have any comments or questions, please email me at presblog@mvcc.edu.
