Prompt Engineering – It’s a real thing

I’m a Prompt Engineer! Well, that’s an overstatement, but I did successfully complete the course, “Prompt Engineering for ChatGPT.” It served a two-fold purpose for me. First, it provided a valuable opportunity to deepen my knowledge and understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) as I’m curious about how it will continue to disrupt learning and other aspects of our daily lives. Secondly, I found the class on Coursera, the largest Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) provider that offers more than 7,000 courses to more than 100 million students globally (19 million in the U.S. alone) in a variety of languages.

My prompt engineering course was taught by the Computer Science Department Chair at Vanderbilt University, and he was great. I was intrigued by the business model of charging just $49 per month until I completed the course. Initially, I had high hopes of completing the six-module course in one month; however, as is often the case for so many students, life got in the way, and the course took me two months to complete.

Given that most of my formal education occurred prior to the Internet (for real), I never considered myself an “online learner” and stayed away from pursuing any online offerings. However, I’ve been closely observing MOOCs for the past decade, witnessing their remarkable appeal to millions of people around the world. I was pleased with the convenience of blocking out an hour here and there on weekends to watch the video lectures, do the assigned readings, take notes, and complete the assessments.

It was interesting to assign prompt and audience “personas,” such as the role of a travel agent crafting a vacation itinerary, a 7-year-old requesting a bedtime story, a woodpecker learning to survive an Upstate New York winter, or an organization like MVCC reflecting on aspirations and apprehensions regarding its trajectory over the next five years. The practice of submitting prompts and asking ChatGPT to suggest improvements for those prompts also proved to be unexpectedly enlightening. It’s a strategy I hadn’t previously considered, but it sure makes sense and works quite well!

Some assignments were more interesting than others. I enjoyed the Few-Shot prompt pattern where I had to describe the input (such as a student needing to drop and add a class), instruct ChatGPT to “think” (for instance, securing the student identification number), and then direct it to take “action” (such as entering the student ID, securing the class schedule, and executing the drop/add process). With little effort, I essentially surfaced the basic programming behind an AI-enabled scheduling bot. This is why I love the slightly trick question — “What is the most important programming language for AI?” — the answer being “English.” It’s all about phrasing and leveraging the prompts to achieve the desired outcome.

The course went on to teach several different prompt patterns, including Game Play, Template, Recipe, Chain-of-Thought, Ask for Input, and Outline Expansion. My favorite, however, was the “Alternate Approaches” prompt pattern where I provided some context and asked for alternative perspectives or strategies. I thought of an AI career coach and described myself as a young college graduate interested in a 40-year career with distinct goals in a chosen field and asked for two to three job titles in four- to five-year increments throughout the 40 years. ChatGPT came back with four or five questions to clarify my interests, then provided an informative outline of three different career paths complete with relevant job titles to consider at each stage of my fictional career. Fascinating.

I still have a lot to learn about artificial intelligence — we all do. Its impact on our world is already palpable, and I believe it will only continue to accelerate disruption in ways that are hard to comprehend right now. Here’s an interesting opinion piece about AI (it may have the NYTimes firewall) and the importance of human skills in an uncertain future. While some people fear the potential negative possibilities of AI and others are excited about it (including investors in the stock market these days), I’m trying to stay tethered somewhere in the middle to see the pros and cons more clearly. Given all the unknowns with AI, one thing I do know is that I need to take responsibility for my own learning and continue finding ways to “muck around” in the messiness, building my understanding and honing my skills to successfully navigate an AI-enabled future. I hope you do the same.

If you have any questions or comments on this post, please contact me directly at presblog@mvcc.edu 

The Fourth Turning is Here

I apologize. I think this post might seem like a book report, but I can’t help it. I’ve been sitting on this since August, as my big summer read last year, “The Fourth Turning is Here” by Neil Howe, has stayed with me throughout these subsequent months. All 560 pages captivated me for weeks on rainy summer days and most every night before I closed my eyes. I’m sure my wife is exhausted listening to me weave it into any social conversation that lasts more than three minutes, but she's too kind to say so.

I first heard about the four turnings last June at our Strategic Horizon Network convening in Omaha that focused on the multi-generational workforce, and I made a pre-order for the July release. I opened the book expecting to gain additional understanding into the multiple generations in the workplace today — Silent (1928-45); Baby Boomer (1946-64); Gen X (1965-1980); Millennial (1981-1996); and Gen Z (1997-TBA) — but what I found was a completely new lens on how to examine U.S. history through generational archetypes.

The author opens with a clinical description of the highly divided and politicized current state of our nation and rationalizes it in a way that provides an odd feeling of comfort by normalizing current events as part of the “ancient Roman saeculum,” which says generally stable societies experience a repeating sequence of four turnings, each of which occurs on average every 20 to 25 years — or the general length of a long life. The four turnings repeat a continuous cycle of a High (generally good times defined by strong public institutions and high levels of conformity), followed by an Awakening (generally exciting, yet disruptive times defined by a weakening of public institutions and a shift from conformity to the individual), followed by an Unraveling (increasingly concerning times defined by an acceleration in the weakening of public institutions and an amplification of individualism), followed by a Crisis (stressful times of division where the public institutions are overwhelmed by the tribal fissures of individualism). The Crisis reaches a climax and is resolved by a restoration of strong public institutions and a shift to conformity that was required to successfully resolve the Crisis.

The four turnings are driven by four generational archetypes (4-minute video summary) that come of age in each turning. The “Artist” generation comes of age during the High (think of the Silent generation during the post-World War II 1950s). The “Prophet” generation comes of age during the Awakening (think of the Boomers in the 1960s). The “Nomad” generation comes of age during the Unraveling (think of the Gen Xers in the 1980s and ’90s). The “Hero” generation comes of age during the Crisis (think of the Greatest Generation during World War II and Millennials today). If you go back 80 years from today, you have World War II; 80s years prior, the Civil War; “Four score and seven years” prior, the American Revolution (or as the author describes it, our first Civil War when thinking about the Rebels and the Loyalists). Howe takes the pattern in the Anglo-American timeline back to the War of the Roses in England, circa 1455! He shows how the Gen Xers are the same Nomad archetype as Hemingway’s “Lost” generation at the turn of the last century and how the Boomers share the same “Prophet” characteristics of turning away from public institutions as the Pilgrims of 1620. He even spotlights how pop culture is reflected in these themes through movies, books, and music.

I consider myself a bit of a history buff, and if I liked reading in college as much as I do now, I probably would have declared it as my major. As much as I like to think I know about U.S. history, the four turnings opened an entirely new way to understand the dynamics and connectivity throughout history. The author draws some connection to the saeculum and the extent it does or doesn’t apply to European, African, and Latin American countries, as well as India, Russia, and China, but most of the book is centered on the United States. In 1991, Howe and William Strauss co-authored the book “Generations,” where they were the first define the term “Millennials.” In 1997, they collaborated again on “The Fourth Turning,” writing that based on historical patterns, the U.S. was likely going to transition from the Unraveling turning that began in 1984 to a new Crisis turning around 2008. At the time, they didn’t know what it would be, but forecasted (based on patterns) that it would be something big … and the Great Recession was pretty big.

Spoiler alert — based on historical patterns, Howe states that we are likely to see the current Crisis turning climax sometime around 2030. He mentions that unlike previous Crisis turnings, this is the first time we are moving toward a climax of the Crisis with the existential threat of global destruction. Indeed, that is true; however, I find it curious that in the last two cycles, the Crisis turning has strengthened public higher education. As the society transitioned from a Crisis turning of weak public institutions to a High turning of strong public institutions, the U.S. government passed the Morrill Act that created our land-grant colleges and universities in 1862 (in the midst of the Civil War) and the GI Bill in 1946 (immediately following WWII) that served as a tremendous catalyst for community colleges. Both historic legislative acts greatly increased access and changed the public higher education landscape over the following decade. While I’m certainly curious to see how this current Crisis turning reaches its climax and resolves itself into a new High turning, I’m even more curious and hopeful to see if a generational idea like the Morrill Act or GI Bill is realized to make the 2030s a transformational decade for public higher education.

If you have any thoughts or questions on this post, please email me directly at presblog@mvcc.edu.